Por Maarten Roos

La penetrabilidad continuada de la falsificación en China es no sólo un problema de la ley, pero también uno de aplicación. Mientras que los leyes y las regulaciones de China se conforman con el acuerdo en aspectos negociar-relacionados de las derechas de característica intelectual (VIAJES) y de otros principios internacionales extensamente aceptados, ciertas partes del mecanismo de la protección de China han probado ineficaz. Los ejemplos comunes son las mayores niveles para que la responsabilidad criminal de falsificadores, la alta carga de la evidencia para demostrar malos registros de la fe, y la dificultad prueben daños en procedimientos civiles. Por otra parte, está abundante claro que el policía, las autoridades administrativas y las cortes carecen a menudo los recursos, el conocimiento o la determinación para combatir con eficacia infracciones.

Propio desarrollo de continuación de China, y en un grado inferior la presión internacional, conducirán gradualmente a las mejoras en las ediciones antedichas, pero éste no es dueños individuales de proceso de una característica intelectual (IP) puede influenciar. Los dueños pueden sin embargo asegurarse de que tengan las derechas exclusivas a su IP en China bajo ley china, y de que la mejor decisión se puede tomar rápidamente encendido si tomar la acción contra una infracción percibida. Tal protección, generalmente baratas y raramente desperdiciador de tiempo, es el elemento más básico a la estrategia del IP de una organización.

Identificar al encargado del IP

Cada organización debe designar a alguien a los intereses coordinados del IP. Whether it is an IP specialist, lawyer or manager, at least one person needs to maintain a clear perspective on the organization’s IP interests and rights, collect information on potential infringements, and be able to respond immediately in case of need.

Responding quickly and decisively to potential IP infringements is often a crucial part of the success of an IP enforcement action. Therefore the most effective IP Managers are people with authority, who are able to reach decision makers quickly. They build communication channels with sales persons and others in the organization to learn of infringements. And they ensure that a law firm is retained to support enforcement actions at short notice, with a valid Power of Attorney and relevant IP registration certificates in place.

Identifying your IP Portfolio

IP rights gain value during the course of one’s business. A regular review of an organization’s intellectual property to identify which are sufficiently valuable to protect will prevent an organization from being caught off-guard.

Logical moments to conduct such an IP audit are when a foreign company enters a new market or when it establishes a subsidiary. Thus foreign companies investing in China should make an IP review part of their due diligence. Furthermore, as China is a fast-developing market place, a yearly review is recommended. During this review, the IP manager should identify the old and new IP that the organization (and perhaps its affiliates) owns in China, and whether the corresponding rights are registered (in case of trademarks and patents). If not, then the IP manager should be able to proceed with registration at short notice.

Among the IP that should be reviewed are:

(1) Brand names, either developed by the organization or its affiliates abroad, or even those that have developed in the market – e.g. a Chinese version of an existing international mark;
(2) Domain names which correspond to the trade name and/or above brand names (especially those ending with .com, .cn and .com.cn);
(3) Patents, which are technical inventions developed by the organization or its affiliates abroad;
(4) Specific designs of industrial products which are distinctive and may be easily copied
(5) Copyrights, such as software, catalogues, webpages and articles; and
(6) Trade secrets, undisclosed technologies, confidential business information and other sensitive data to which the organization has rights through contractual obligations of employees or commercial counterparts.

All the above can be protected under Chinese law. However trademarks and domain names must be registered before another party does so, and for a patent filing to be granted the technique or design must be either novel (not publicized elsewhere before the filing date), or must be applied for within a certain period after the corresponding foreign application. This makes the timing of such applications crucial.

Registered trademarks, copyrights and designs may also be recorded with the Chinese customs authorities. As a consequence, if customs finds goods that are infringing on recorded rights, it will notify the owner immediately so that the latter can take action. If they know of a shipment of counterfeits, owners of recorded rights may also notify customs directly.

Maarten Roos, Wang Jing & Co

This is the first part of the article Protection vs. Enforcement. Next week we will publish the second part.