Nicolas Binse著

中国の製造者から来るプロダクトの質を制御する重要性がほとんどの国際的なバイヤーに今明らかな間、質問はちょうどいかににそれをしなさいかに残る。

テスト計画
最初に考える丁度制御したいと思うものをについて必要がある。 それはあなた自身の定義から理想的にあなたのプロダクトおよびあなたのビジネスのために重大であるものをの来ている。 テスト計画のあなたが直面した過去の品質の問題はであるもの考慮するために定義との助けるため、試み、点検を求めるために連れて来た物; またはプロダクトの指定によって行き、あなたの顧客の最も大きい影響があることができる物を選びなさい。 なされる危機に瀕しているものをと一直線に点検計画がべきであることを心に留めておきなさい: プロダクトの価値そして緊急度。 明らかに、医学の呼吸装置程に広くペーパーティッシュのロールをテストしたいと思わないかもしれない。 典型的なテスト計画はパスおよび失敗の規準と、点検するために複数の化粧品および機能項目が含まれている。 殆んどは目視検査か基本的な器械の測定(定規、カリパス、重量を量るスケール、等)に基づいている。

専門の点検会社はあなたによってがある企業に従ってあなたの顧客のあなたのテスト計画、助けられる、プロフィールおよび、当然、プロダクトのタイプの定義の中国からの源べきである。 経験によって彼らは何をおもちゃ、それでとりわけ捜せばいいのか装置、原料、織物そして例のための自動車部品、知っている。

Your inspection plan should also cover the expected confidence level you want to achieve. It is usually defined in percentage of defects you can accept, using the standard statistical AQL (Acceptable Quality Level) approach. An AQL level of 0.4 means you accept to receive a shipment with potentially up to 0.4% defects (that means 99.6% good). 100% confidence can only be achieved by 100% testing, the AQL approach greatly reducing the number of units to be tested (to around 5% to 10%) and the associated costs.

Inspection location
Once you have your inspection plan in hand, you need to define where to have it performed. Unless specific reasons dictate, inspections should take place at the supplier’s site, after production is finished and before products leave the factory. That is where you can get the highest benefits in terms of reaction time and cost. If you are on a very tight schedule, inspections can also be performed during the production cycle. Inspections at a later stage, before loading at the port of departure, or even upon arrival in the country of destinations, are quite specific and can be justified for various reasons, like sensitivity to transportation, impossibility to access the manufacturing site or consolidation with other materials, availability of special testing equipments.

Planning and ordering
Take into account that an inspection company needs a few days to organize themselves to validate your testing plan and send inspectors to the supplier site. The sooner you do it the better, but not later than two to three days before the expected date for shipment from the factory. Finalize all arrangements beforehand.
Before placing an order, make sure that you have your detailed testing plan defined and that you know the total quantities to be shipped, the expected shipment date and the exact location (detailed address and contact information of your supplier). This will have to be communicated to the inspection company, who will confirm the booking price, for you to make your final decision. Most shipments just require a one day inspection, but it all depends on the number of samples tested (AQL level vs. total quantity) and the number/complexity of parameters to check (testing plan), it should be confirmed to you in advance by the inspection company.

If you have a business with a continuous flow of shipments from the same locations, a specific organization can be set up to support it and, thanks to economies of scale, costs can be contained.

Inspection report
After the inspectors go on site to perform their duty, you will quickly receive an inspection certificate with administrative information and the results of their findings: how many units they checked, what results they recorded and whether the lot(s) pass or fail. The ideal way is to hold the shipment until you receive the report, so that you can decide if any containment actions are necessary prior to shipment. Therefore, add on one to one and a half days to your regular schedule before shipment to allow for inspection. You should keep the records of the inspection reports for future reference.

Relying on an independent party to inspect on your behalf will not only help you to control your costs. It will also bring impartiality, efficiency and peace of mind in your relationship with your Chinese suppliers.

By Nicolas Binse*, Cotecna

(*) Nicolas Binse has spent over 10 years in Procurement and Supply Chain dealing with Asian and Chinese suppliers for international companies like Philips and Hewlett-Packard. His previous achievements include selecting and developing suppliers manufacturing in China, setting-up a quality management organization based in HongKong, and making strategic supply chain network recommendations for Asia Pacific operations. He is currently managing the consumer products combined audit, inspection and logistics services for the joint venture between Sinotrans and Cotecna in China.