Par Nicolas Binse

Tandis que l'importance de commander la qualité des produits venant des fournisseurs chinois est maintenant évidente à la plupart des acheteurs internationaux, les questions restent allumées juste comment à faites-la.

Plan d'essai
D'abord vous devez penser à ce qu'exactement vous voulez commander. Il vient idéalement de votre propre définition de ce qui est critique pour vos produits et vos affaires. Pour vous aider avec définir le plan d'essai, essai pour considérer ce qui sont les questions passées de qualité que vous avez faites face, ceux qui vous ont apporté réclamer des inspections ; ou passez par les caractéristiques du produit et sélectionnez ceux qui pourraient avoir le plus grand impact sur vos clients. Maintenez dans l'esprit que le plan d'inspection devrait être fait en conformité avec ce qui est en jeu : la valeur et la criticalité du produit. Évidemment, vous ne pourriez pas vouloir examiner des rouleaux de tissus de papier aussi intensivement que l'équipement respiratoire médical. Un plan d'essai typique inclut plusieurs articles cosmétiques et fonctionnels pour vérifier, avec des critères de passage et d'échouer. La plupart d'entre eux sera basée sur les contrôles visuels ou les mesures de base d'instrument (règle, étrier, balance pesante, etc.).

Les compagnies professionnelles d'inspection devraient pouvoir vous aider en définissant votre plan d'essai, selon l'industrie que vous êtes dedans, le profil de vos clients et, naturellement, le type de produit vous source de Chine. Par expérience ils savent quoi rechercher spécifiquement dans des jouets, IL équipement, les matières premières, textiles et pièces des véhicules à moteur, par des exemples.

Votre plan d'inspection devrait également couvrir le niveau prévu de confiance que vous voulez réaliser. It is usually defined in percentage of defects you can accept, using the standard statistical AQL (Acceptable Quality Level) approach. An AQL level of 0.4 means you accept to receive a shipment with potentially up to 0.4% defects (that means 99.6% good). 100% confidence can only be achieved by 100% testing, the AQL approach greatly reducing the number of units to be tested (to around 5% to 10%) and the associated costs.

Inspection location
Once you have your inspection plan in hand, you need to define where to have it performed. Unless specific reasons dictate, inspections should take place at the supplier’s site, after production is finished and before products leave the factory. That is where you can get the highest benefits in terms of reaction time and cost. If you are on a very tight schedule, inspections can also be performed during the production cycle. Inspections at a later stage, before loading at the port of departure, or even upon arrival in the country of destinations, are quite specific and can be justified for various reasons, like sensitivity to transportation, impossibility to access the manufacturing site or consolidation with other materials, availability of special testing equipments.

Planning and ordering
Take into account that an inspection company needs a few days to organize themselves to validate your testing plan and send inspectors to the supplier site. The sooner you do it the better, but not later than two to three days before the expected date for shipment from the factory. Finalize all arrangements beforehand.
Before placing an order, make sure that you have your detailed testing plan defined and that you know the total quantities to be shipped, the expected shipment date and the exact location (detailed address and contact information of your supplier). This will have to be communicated to the inspection company, who will confirm the booking price, for you to make your final decision. Most shipments just require a one day inspection, but it all depends on the number of samples tested (AQL level vs. total quantity) and the number/complexity of parameters to check (testing plan), it should be confirmed to you in advance by the inspection company.

If you have a business with a continuous flow of shipments from the same locations, a specific organization can be set up to support it and, thanks to economies of scale, costs can be contained.

Inspection report
After the inspectors go on site to perform their duty, you will quickly receive an inspection certificate with administrative information and the results of their findings: how many units they checked, what results they recorded and whether the lot(s) pass or fail. The ideal way is to hold the shipment until you receive the report, so that you can decide if any containment actions are necessary prior to shipment. Therefore, add on one to one and a half days to your regular schedule before shipment to allow for inspection. You should keep the records of the inspection reports for future reference.

Relying on an independent party to inspect on your behalf will not only help you to control your costs. It will also bring impartiality, efficiency and peace of mind in your relationship with your Chinese suppliers.

By Nicolas Binse*, Cotecna

(*) Nicolas Binse has spent over 10 years in Procurement and Supply Chain dealing with Asian and Chinese suppliers for international companies like Philips and Hewlett-Packard. His previous achievements include selecting and developing suppliers manufacturing in China, setting-up a quality management organization based in HongKong, and making strategic supply chain network recommendations for Asia Pacific operations. He is currently managing the consumer products combined audit, inspection and logistics services for the joint venture between Sinotrans and Cotecna in China.