Zaken in China dat - de Greep van Bureaucratie ontspant
Door Dalida Turkovic
Beeld Peking in de vroege jaren '90: een sterke visuele aanwezigheid van communisme in typische de binnenplaats-stijl huisvesting (12 families die in een blok worden gehuisvest dat rond een centrale werf wordt gebouwd), grijze kostuums Mao geen neon reclame overal, bijna tekens en slechts occasionele auto's en mini-bestelwagens op de straten. In die dagen waren er twee munten: Yuan en FEC (de Munt van Deviezen) beschikbaar slechts aan vreemdelingen, met een lagere wisselkoers dan Yuan (1$=8.9yuan, 1$=7.4FEC). De sterke overheidscontrole, die door recente op Vierkant te gebeuren Tiananmen wordt verergerd, betekende dat het krijgen om Chinese mensen te kennen was bijna onmogelijk - zij werden toegestaan om geen hotels in te gaan en hadden zo geen blootstelling aan buitenlandse goederen en levensstijl, die in hotels slechts beschikbaar waren.
De gebrachte nieuwe perspectieven en de mogelijkheden van midden '90 aan China. De privé eigendom nam een hoge vlucht, brengend veranderingen in levensstijl en snelle uitbreiding 's nachts in de autoindustrie, de de dienstindustrieën die, en onroerende goederen straat adverteert. Een vreemdeling die uit de talrijke kansen van vestiging wil voordeel halen privé zaken in China kwam op tegen een berg van hindernissen die door Chinese wet worden voorgesteld. De enige manier een vreemdeling werd toegelaten om zaken te beginnen was in samenwerking met een lokale persoon, die een belangrijk aandeel eigendom en alle wettelijke rechten zou moeten hebben. In order to apply, the name approval, acceptance from MOFTEC (the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Cooperation) and tons of other paperwork all had to be legally registered, which would take many months and was often dependant on how good guanxi (relationship building) your Chinese partner had with local authorities.
The beginning of the 21st Century brought further developments. The previously tedious business registration process could now be done by various consulting agencies, providing this service for a minimum sum in a much shorter time. The easiest way of setting up a company was to apply as a consultancy service, which term covered such a broad spectrum that it effectively allowed the individual to explore business opportunities according to the market growth. Three options became available:
- Full Chinese ownership for the investment of 100,000 yuan
- Joint venture with 51-49% ratio in favor of the Chinese partner for the same amount.
- Full foreign ownership (WOFE: Wholly Owned Foreign Enterprise) for $100,000
At this period China was still looking at limiting market growth to businesses with ’serious’ investment, although services for setting up ones own business were much improved and once the business was up and running the only further legal obligation was to pay taxes.
The year 2005 brought in yet more changes and China continues to relax its need for control. Setting up a consulting company now takes only a few months. With a small amount of paperwork and a minimum of $10,000, you can own the business in China, as long as it is already registered abroad, with a Hong Kong bank account. The second step would be to hire an accountant (part-time if necessary) and open a mainland China bank account. For office space, you can run your business from home as long as the real estate management has a licence for such services or if you own the apartment. So, these days you are pretty much free to find your own way, use your own guanxi and explore the many opportunities in the land of dragons.
Copyright 2006 Dalida Turkovic
Article Source: http://www.articles4meandu.com
Dalida Turkovic - Master Coach and Master NLP Practitioner has lived and worked in China since 1990. Please visit her business coaching website Small Steps Coaching and her blog at Life Coaching First Steps.




































July 13th, 2007 at 3:00 pm
Well. We see china the way it was, and now we want to see china higher.