Por Dalidat

Antes de la privatización en China, el negocio existió solamente bajo la forma de empresa propiedad del gobierno (SOE). Éstos (y siga siendo) fueron funcionados por la gente con los fondos fuertes y las relaciones políticos, conectados generalmente por los lazos de la familia alguien en el gobierno. Esta clase de estructura de organización cerrada no dio ninguna oportunidad para que sus empleados estén implicados en ningunos procedimientos de toma de decisión. A menudo la dirección basada en el ética y principios fuertes de la compañía era un factor importante en la toma de decisión y la motivación del personal, aunque el grado de la ayuda financiera del gobierno disponible significó que SOEs no necesitó con frecuencia mucho en la manera del conocimiento del negocio o de entender del mercado. El éxito fue basado algo en el buen edificio de la relación, que significó con eficacia conseguir a gobierno la ayuda financiera.

Con el auge empresa a riesgo compartido en el último 80s y el 90s temprano, los inversionistas extranjeros comenzaron a enviar a sus propios encargados para obrar recíprocamente con la cultura del negocio de SOE. Fueron dados los grandes paquetes como incentivos para compensar condiciones vivas locales duras. En los 13 años que he estado viviendo en China, yo han oído las historias, demasiado numerosas para mencionar, de los encargados extranjeros que atendían a centenares de banquetes y que conseguían bebidos con los oficiales del gobierno, mientras que los traductores asumieron el control los canales de comunicaciones. La mayor parte del tiempo no tendrían ninguna idea de lo que iba en, con excepción de ése que se esperaba que bebieran cantidades extensas de alcohol, la cual de alguna manera o tendió un puente sobre otra el boquete entre las dos culturas. Los criterios principales para que los extranjeros sean acertados en esta arena del negocio eran conocimiento del siguiente:
- Cómo a la falsificación del `' que bebe
- Cómo reconocer quién es un responsable
- How to impress Chinese counterparts by speaking a few Chinese phrases
- How to … use chopsticks and understand meal etiquette

How to ‘fake’ drinking (and not get drunk)
The easiest way is secretly to pour water into your cup, since you will be challenged to drink baijiu (white spirit). This lethal spirit has a strong taste and is 50%-70% alcohol. While nobody is watching fill your cup with water and make sure it is always full. Initiate constant refills of everybody’s drinks and you will soon gain the title of ‘Lao Han’ (honourable Chinese). An alternative is quickly to dispose of the contents of your cup over your shoulder as you bring it close to your mouth. Make sure there is nobody watching and that there is nobody standing behind you! Baiju is always drunk down in one go unless it is mentioned otherwise. It is a good idea to fake being slightly drunk too, in order to avoid arousing any suspicions.

How to recognise who is a decision maker
All banquets are served on round tables and there is no obvious distinguishing mark, to indicate where the main guest is seated. However there are a few give-aways. Look out for these clues:
- The guest of honour is most likely to be facing the door (so they can see when the new dishes are brought in).
- Fish is the sign of prosperity and a banquet is likely to include a fish dish. The head of the fish will be placed facing the person of highest status.
- The counterpart will be seated directly opposite.
- The people seated at the right and left hand of the person of highest status are the two next most important decision makers.

How to impress Chinese counterparts by speaking a few Chinese phrases
The Chinese language consists of phrases that are called ‘chengyu’, the nearest interpretation of which, would be ‘proverbs’. They usually have four characters and have a whole story behind them to support the meaning that you want to express. There are dictionaries with a selection of the most frequently used chengyu, an essential part of your library. Make sure you use a chengyu at the appropriate time and you will grab everybody’s attention and gain substantial respect.

How to use chopsticks and understand meal etiquette
This involves practice beforehand. Using chopsticks is the first step of eating etiquette and conveys the message to the Chinese that you are willing to learn and accept their way of living. There are two kinds of chopsticks: disposable (wooden) and those used at banquets (made of plastic, jade or polished wood). The latter are quite difficult to use to eat the peanuts and small bits, so common in Chinese cuisine, so make sure you practise with these.

When dishes are brought to the table, wait for your counterpart to start eating or at least invite you to help yourself. Fish is always taken by the highest ranking person seated at the table. They usually get the fish cheeks too, the best part of the fish.

When drinking toasts, your cup should be held at a lower level than your counterpart’s. That way you show respect. If they attempt to say cheers with their glasses held lower than yours, don’t fall for it, it is just a test.

Waitresses will keep refilling your glass while you are talking. While conversation continues, tap your index and middle finger twice on the table, which simply means ‘Thank you’. This custom is explained by the legend of an emperor, who decided to mingle with his people in disguise. He swapped clothes with his servant and watched as officials focussed all their attention on his servant, believing him to be the emperor. When the servant, dressed as emperor, was offered tea the true emperor in servant’s clothes had to serve him. To preserve the disguise, without compromising the respect due to his emperor, the servant, dressed as emperor, tapped two fingers on the table to denote bowing with respect to the real emperor.

And remember, enjoy the meal, be prepared to eat intestines, turtles, snakes and drink snake blood and bile without showing any disgust. These delicacies are believed to improve your manhood. If you are a woman, you are more likely to be forgiven the odd lapse and at least won’t be under so much pressure to drink heavily. In this case, you should make sure that you are accompanied by a Chinese person of higher position in your company, who is prepared to take over the drinking part of the evening, which is so crucial in establishing good business relationships.

Copyright 2006 Dalida Turkovic (Source)

About the Author
Dalida Turkovic - Master Coach and Master NLP Practitioner has lived and worked in China since 1990. Please visit her business coaching website Small Steps Coaching and her blog at Life Coaching First Steps.